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III
Q:
Did you, or members of your team examine any remains?
A: Not the remains in the bunker, but yes we did examine the remains
of Jimmy Riddle. His body was recovered about March 12th, and his remains
were examined extensively by our forensic pathologist Dr. Ronald Graeser.
He did an analysis that told us many interesting things about the death
of Mr. Riddle, that are in the film.
Q: What was concluded about his death?
A: That the cause of death was a gunshot wound to the head, that he was
shot to death and that his body was disarticulated by a tank at a location
outside of the building, and that apparently his remains were removed
to the interior of the building.
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Dr.
Graeser also discovered in the process of examining the
body that certain bones present when the body was presented
to the medical examiner had been removed, were nowhere
to be found, and were not turned over to the deceased's
next of kin. These included the forehead plate from the
skull with the bullet wound to the skull, and the ends
of certain ribs that had been adjoining the severing
injury to the right side of the body by the tank. But
there was enough there to draw some conclusions about
the involvement of the tank. The autopsy report clearly
indicates that Mr. Riddle was shot and killed before
the fire started, and that his injuries according to
the medical examiner were consistent with either the
building falling on him, or a tank running over him.
The forensic pathologist who did the examination said
that the latter was true, that the injuries to his body
occurred due to the shearing and tearing effect of being
engaged by a tank track.
Q: And this was consistent with the film that was taken, it was analyzed
in the FLIR film, is that correct?
A: Well, the FLIR tape of Mr. Riddle being shot is still mysteriously not
available. However, the tape of what we believe to be the location of the
body and the tank engaging the body is available, and that's what appears
to happen.
That whole incident of Mr. Riddle's death and his colleague Phillip Henry
is a very significant and important event in the story of the last day.
The plan of the gassing attack on the Branch Davidians was to insert gas
over a 48 hour period. Then and only then, if the gas did not have the
desired effect would they begin to slowly disassemble, what I call demolish,
the building, forcing the Davidians out of the structure. But in fact,
the gassing was escalated to such a degree that within the first three
to four hours the gas supply intended for 48 hours was used up.
That
was the first escalation of the day. We believe that
the net result of Mr. Riddle's presence outside,
at the back of the building unannounced, unexpected
and uncalled for, prompted the second escalation
of the day, which was the demolition of the building.
That demolition was in our opinion, prompted by the
death of Jimmy Riddle at the back of the building;
an event probably witnessed by a number of other
Branch Davidians.
When you stand back and we look at all the evidence, the evidence is
rather compelling that in fact someone, somewhere, probably in Washington
DC, made a decision that, that incident was the end of the game. I believe
everything in the footage from that point on is indicative of that decision,
and was meant to eliminate the witnesses and to destroy the evidence.
Q: Is there any evidence showing where such a decision might have come
from?
A: Yes. The chain of command, according to the evidence that we've uncovered,
relates from the field to what's called the SOAC, Special Operations
And Command offices in Washington DC of the FBI. According to the evidence,
the FBI top echelon command was in that room that day, Floyd Clark, Larry
Potts and others. William Sessions was there from time to time. And Webster
Hubbell representing Miss Reno and the Justice Department, and I might
add, the President of the United States.
At
that particular juncture we find the evidence chain going
from Web Hubbell to the White House. At the White House
we find the evidence chain flowing to the offices of
Vincent Foster and the evidence indicates that Mr. Fosters
records and thereby the chain of authority appear to
then flow to a very curious, interesting, and strange
place. One would think that it would be the President
of the United States' office, but it wasnt, it
was the First Lady's office, Hillary Rodham Clinton.
Another chain of command has to do with the military presence at Waco.
In the United States, the military, the Delta Force operators, properly
known as the Combat Applications Group of Fort Bragg North Carolina, could
not be present much less operational at Waco, without presidential authority.
That authority would have had to have been signed off in a waiver, probably
taking the form of a presidential decision directive. Mr. Clinton recently
has indicated that he was not asked to, and did not sign a presidential
decision directive, or any other kind of waiver. Well, what does that mean?
That Mr. Clinton did sign it, and no one can get access to it? Because,
you see, all Presidential decision directives are classified, on a need
to know basis.
Q: This was not an executive order?
A: I doubt that it would be an executive order because that has to be made
public. Interestingly enough, historically in most administrations, not
all presidential decision directives are classified. But in the case of
the Clinton administration all presidential decision directives are classified.
Q: Out of this whole spectrum of people and expertise, what would you say
are the three most significant, most telling, most damning aspects of the
investigation?
A: FLIR video is one, ordinance explosives and residues is two, and the
third is probably the overall ability to access the evidence itself even
in spite of denials and refusals to cooperate. For example, the significant
event here of course is our entry into the evidence lockers. And our request
for that and support for that activity by the Asst. US Attorney in Waco,
Mr. Bill Johnson. He played a pivotal role in helping us find the information.
After an initial visit with him, he felt that it was imperative that everybody,
including himself, know what the heck happened. And so, considering that
the criminal case had completed or concluded, prior to our visit, he felt
that it was appropriate that we have access. He championed our cause with
the Justice Department, and the Justice Department acquiesced, but denied
our request to interview him or Janet Reno. But they did allow me to go
in, examine the evidence, bringing experts along, etc. etc.
Q: Why would they do this?
A: I can explain that, that's easy. Time has passed, and I believe the
people that were originally involved at the Justice Department and the
FBI, are no longer with the agency. The people who had first hand knowledge
of what happened had long since departed the agency.
Q: When you first approached William Johnston it didnt look like
you were going to get any open doors.
A: He was dubious at first, and it wasnt until much later that he
began to understand that maybe there was more here in terms of the overall
evidence accumulation than what he had been led to believe. The one thing
that I counted on very much with Bill Johnston was that the Texas Rangers
and others I had spoken with indicated that he was a stand up guy, that
he was thoroughly honest. And felt that he responded appropriately as an
Assistant US Attorney, to the idea that there may be evidence of criminal
wrong doing on the part of law enforcement officers present that day. And
he went forward to take a look at it in an honest and forthright manner.
Q: This was really the pivotal point, would you say, of the whole investigation?
A: I think that was the break point. It was where things started turning
around and becoming much more viable in terms of finding out what the truth
was. I think going to Johnston was an inspired move. And what I mean by inspired
move was that, it wasnt Mike McNulty's intelligence or anything
like that, I believe it was something that the man upstairs who watches
over us all wanted done. After that, the pieces fell together and lo and
behold what seemed impossible was possible. I believe that if you tell
people the right thing for the right reason, and they're good people, they're
going to respond positively. Even in ways that might seem somewhat miraculous.
And that seemed to be what was going on there, telling Bill Johnston the
truth elicited a truthful response from him. And thereby we achieved what
others would have considered to be miraculous. The bottom line is, it was
just telling the truth. He did, we all did, and therefore we have a little
bit more of the truth relative to what happened at Waco in 1993.
Q: The overall conclusion of your investigation is obviously in the film,
but I'd like to hear it in your own words.
A: What we found was what I hoped we wouldn't find. What we found was that
the absolute image of perfection of the FBI, did not hold up under close
scrutiny regarding the Waco matter.
I think what we're dealing with here is that basically absolute power corrupts
absolutely. Disraeli from the British Parliament in the 1800s said
that, and I believe it is the natural consequence of human behavior.
Human nature does not change radically from one century or eon to another.
And the problem is that the American people tend to forget the frailties
and weaknesses of their fellow humans, and we become lulled into thinking
that somehow this government is better than any other government that's
ever existed. While this form of government may be the best form that's
ever existed, the human beings that inhabit that form certainly do not
take on God like qualities. If anything they take on the qualities of the other
guy in the good and evil spectrum. The net result is that we have
to expect the inevitable return of evil to the national scene, and to think
otherwise is worse than naive, it can be fatal to a nation.
What this film is about, is a reminder to the American people about who's
really in charge. Is it the FBI, is it the Justice Department, is it the
President of the United States? No, its the people reading this text,
and the people seeing this film, they're the ones that are really in charge.
If they forget that, well, somebody else will come along and pick up the
reigns of power, and you may not like the results.
The power of the people is the ultimate power and always should be. Mr.
Clinton works for us, we do not work for him. Ms. Reno works for us, we
do not work for her. And probably most importantly people need to remember,
that the FBI agents that were working at Waco, were working for us. They
represent all of us. So that's why their behavior is so disturbing, because
it directly reflects on each of us as citizens. And in so doing we therefore
are all culpable morally, in the Waco tragedy.
What was so important as a film making crew, an investigative unit, and
for me personally, was to find the evidence, the truth, the best we could,
and present it to the American public. Our job was to find the evidence
and present that information to the American public so that THEY could
decide whether something should be done further about this incident.
Q: What do you want to see come out of the Danforth investigation?
A: The truth. And justice based on the truth. If criminal offenses were
committed by either Federal operatives or the Branch Davidians, I would
like to see these people identified, I'd like to see the crimes identified,
and the perpetrators prosecuted. If those people are military personnel,
or FBI, or Branch Davidians or occupants of the White House, I want lady
justice to be as blind as possible. The truth is that important. The American
people need to see what actually happened there, even if it is in the ugliest
of terms.
And the question that rings in my mind is this: understand I think Timothy
McVeigh and his cohorts, did a horrible, evil thing when they blew up the
building in Oklahoma City as a response to the Waco issue. However, the
question of the government's involvement and wrongdoing still stands in
spite of McVeigh's insane actions. And I fear that the biggest danger we
face is that the government will try to protect itself by not telling the
truth.
If that happens, will there be more people out there that will respond
in kind? Those actions may not be justified, or moral, or legal, or in
any way appropriate, but the question is how many more opportunities do
we want to give the Timothy McVeighs of the world to blow up innocent
people? By not dealing with the truth, we're inflaming those kinds of radical
extremists. Yes, by not telling the truth we inflame them. We, meaning
the rest of society and in particular those responsible for the dumbing
down, the squashing and compressing, the narrowing of the truth.
Q: How do you want people to perceive this film, what do you want them
to remember?
A: Well, I want them to sit and think about not only the particularly horrendous
events in the film, but what the impact is on the entire nation, and where
we're at as a country. When the people that govern us, could not only do
this, but get away with it for six and a half years, what does all that
mean?
Because there's a much bigger picture here, and something much more important
is at stake. It relates to what kind of a nation we're going to leave our
grandchildren and great-grandchildren. This is not just the simple case
of a few idiots out on the plains of Texas doing themselves in, that wasnt
what happened there. What happened there was far, far worse than that,
with consequences that could be more far reaching than most of us can really
understand at this time. The final historical impact of this wake-up call
is yet to be understood by the majority of us.
I fear the impact will be far greater than the politicians will admit,
than the bureaucrats will admit, or that even a filmmaker can portray.
So, how far it will go? I fear its a lot larger circumstance than
almost anybody can imagine. And its important for all of us to pay
attention.
People dont yet see the threat of dumbing down, narrowing, and/or
eliminating part of the truth relative to what happened at Waco. There's
a good portion of the American public that doesn't understand it yet. But,
that's indeed why we made Waco, A New Revelation.
Q: Finally, having attained the goal seeing this film introduced to the
public, how do you feel personally about being involved?
A: Tired, real tired. I've been banging my head on this brick wall since
May of 1993. I hope that the American people will find it worthy of consideration.
But you never know about the public, we're a funny group of people all
of us, and I'm not sure exactly how the film will be received.
But one of the things I've learned in this process is that there are three
major emotions in a human being. Love, hate, and probably the most significant:
denial. The power of denial is amazing. American citizens could look at
this film and say: oh, I'm sorry, but not OUR government. Because if they
admit to seeing the wrong doing, they would have to look at themselves.
And when they look at themselves they dont want to see atrocities
committed by their government. They dont want to admit to that. Denial
is extremely strong. But if they dont admit to seeing it, will it
be to their own destruction?
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The
investigators and researchers, the technical
experts and the origin of the evidence |
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The
evidence lockers & disappearing evidence,
the hole in the bunker, |
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Part
III:
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The
body of Jimmy Riddle, the chain of command, the
turning point in the investigation, conclusions |
John Calhoun is a professional writer and editor working
in Fort Collins, Colorado. He was the script writer for "Waco:
A New Revelation", as well as the lead copywriter
and researcher for the website. John is a former special
agent with U.S. Army Intelligence, where he conducted
numerous counterintelligence investigations, as well
as participating in special operations such as VIP protection
with the FBI and Secret Service.
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